How is Chlorine prepared by electrolyti method? Explain its reaction with:
(a) excess $N H_{3}$
(b) cold and dil. $N a O H$
(c) slaked lime

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Solution

Preparation of chlorine by electrolytic method:
Chlorine is obtained as a byproduct during manufacture of NaOH. Aqueous NaCl solution is electrolysed. Hydrogen gas is obtained at cathode and chlorine gas is obtained at anode.
The reaction of chlorine with:
(a) excess NH $_{3}$ :
Ammonium chloride and nitrogen are formed.
$3 C l_{2} + 8 N H_{3} (e x c e s s) \to 6 N H_{4} C l + N_{2}$
(b) Cold and dil. NaOH
Sodium chloride and sodium hypochloride are formed.
$C l_{2} + 2 N a O H \to N a C l + N a O C l + H_{2} O$
(c) Slaked lime
Bleaching powder $(C a O C l_{2})$ is obtained
$C a (O H)_{2} + C l_{2} \to C a O C l_{2} + H_{2} O$

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