How is chlorine prepared in the laboratory? Explain how it reacts with the following along equations
(a) Hot, conc. NaOH
(b) $N H_{3}$ (Excess)
(c) $N a_{2} S_{2} O_{3}$

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Solution

The laboratory method for the preparation of chlorine:
Manganese dioxide reacts with HCl.
$M n O_{2} + 4 H C l \to M n C l_{2} + 2 H_{2} O + C l_{2}$
Reactions of chlorine with:
(a) Hot, conc. NaOH
Sodium chloride and sodium chlorate are obtained.
$3 C l_{2} + 6 N a O H \to 5 N a C l + N a C l O_{3} + 3 H_{2} O$
(b) NH3 (Excess)
Ammonium chloride and nitrogen are formed.
$3 C l_{2} + 8 N H_{3} (e x c e s s) \to 6 N H_{4} C l + N_{2}$
(c) $N a_{2} S_{2} O_{3}$
$N a_{2} S_{2} O_{3} + H_{2} O + C l_{2} \to N a_{2} S O_{4} + 2 H C l + S$
$N a_{2} S_{2} O_{3} + 5 H_{2} O + 4 C l_{2} \to N a_{2} S O_{4} + 8 H C l + H_{2} S O_{4}$

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