Jute is sown and harvested annually. It grows best in monsoon climates, as the cultivation requires plentiful rainfall - essential not only for the good growth of the plant, but also to provide fresh water for retting. Less rainfall can reduce the size of the crop and also affect the quality of the fibre. if there is insufficient water to remove impurities. Too much rain before the plants reach maturity may also reduce the size of the crop, if it becomes necessary to make an early harvest to avoid flooding damage.
Jute is mainly grown by small farmers and traded through balers and stockists. The plant can grow to a height of more than three metres and fibre length of upto 2.5 metres. The lower part of the plant (known as the butt or cutting) can also be used for lower-quality purposes, or blended with longer fibre during spinning to reduce the cost of production. The stem of the plant can be burned as firewood.