How is nitrogen prepared in the laboratory? Write the chemical equations of the reactions involved.

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Solution

Laboratory preparation of nitrogen gas

(i) In the laboratory, dinitrogen is prepared by treating an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride with sodium nitrite

$N H_{4} C I (a q) + N a N O_{2} (a q) \to N_{2} (g) + 2 H_{2} O (l) + N a C l (a q)$

Small amounts of NO and $H N O_{3}$ are also formed as impurities, which can be removed by passing the gas through aqueous sulphuric acid containing potassium dichromate.

(ii) Dinitrogen can also be prepared by heating ammonium dichromate

$(N H_{4})_{2} C r_{2} O_{7} △ - \to N_{2} (g) + 4 H_{2} O (l) + C r_{2} O_{3}$

(iii) Pure nitrogen is obtained by thermal decomposition of sodium or barium azide.

$B a (N_{3})_{2} T h e r m a l - ------- \to d e c o m p o s i t i o n B a + 3 N_{2}$

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