How is nitrogen separated from air?
To produce nitrogen, it is necessary to separate it from the other components of air, notably from oxygen (21%). Air can be liquefied at an extremely low temperature (of around −190∘C). Its components (nitrogen, oxygen, noble gases) are then separated by distillation.
Another method consists in forcing air through polymer membranes in the shape of hair-thin hollow tubes. Oxygen passes through these membranes faster than nitrogen. The air coming into these tubes gradually becomes poorer in oxygen and richer in nitrogen.