How is potassium permanganate( $K M n O_{4}$ ) prepared from $M n O_{2}$ ? Write the equations.

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Solution

By fusion of $M n O_{2}$ with an alkali metal hydroxide (or carbonate) and air (or an oxidizing agent such as $K N O_{3}$ or $K C l O_{3}$ ), potassium manganate $K_{2} M n O_{4}$ is obtained.
$2 M n O_{2} + 4 K O H + O_{2} \to 2 K_{2} M n O_{4} + 2 H_{2} O$
Acidification (with sulphuric acid) of $K_{2} M n O_{4}$ gives potassium permanganate. Instead of sulphuric acid, one can also use $C O_{2}$ , $C l_{2}$ or $O_{3}$ .
$3 K_{2} M n O_{4} + 2 H_{2} S O_{4} \to 2 K M n O_{4} + M n O_{2} + 2 H_{2} O + 2 K_{2} S O_{4}$ .

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