Question

How is prophase marked?

Answer 1

Cell division

1. The process by which a cell divides and forms another cell similar to itself is called cell division.
2. Two types of cell divisions have been seen in the organisms -
   1. Meiosis - the process in which a single mother cell gives rise to four daughter cells, each having half the number of chromosomes as the mother cell.
   2. Mitosis - the process in which a single mother cell gives rise to two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the mother cell.
3. The nuclear division is also karyokinesis which is divided into four stages:
   1. Prophase:
      1. First stage of karyokinesis.
      2. This stage is also referred to as the spireme stage.
      3. Chromosomal material begins to condense.
      4. During the process of chromatin condensation, chromosomal materials become untangled.
      5. Centrosome begins to move towards the distinct poles of the cell.
      6. Cell membrane, Golgi body, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, and other cell organelle disintegrates.
   2. Metaphase:
      1. Attachment of spindle fibers to the kinetochores and chromosomes get aligned at the metaphasic or equatorial plate.
   3. Anaphase:
      1. Splitting of centromere and chromatid separation and movement of chromatids towards opposite poles.
   4. Telophase:
      1. Development of nuclear envelope around the chromosome and Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus reform.

Figure showing the different stages of the cell cycle: