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Question

How is the amplification of a gene sample of interest carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

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Solution

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the process in which the amplification of the gene of interest is carried out with two sets of primers and a thermostable DNA polymerase enzyme Taq polymerase. The process involves the following steps:
  • Denaturation: The double-stranded DNA is heated up to 94 oC which causes the hydrogen bonds to break and the two strands get separated.
  • Annealing: The two sets of primers are added which bind to the appropriate complementary segment of DNA strand at 540C.
  • Extension: The Taq polymerase enzyme polymerizes the nucleotide chain using the nucleotides provided in the medium and by using the template strand at 720C.

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