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Question

How is washing soda prepared from sodium carbonate(Na2CO3)? Give its chemical equation. State the type of this salt. Name the type of hardness of water which can be removed by it?


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Solution

Solvay's process:

  • Washing soda(Na2CO3.10H2O) is synthesized through Solvay's process.
  • It involves the reaction of sodium chloride(NaCl), ammonia(NH3) and carbon dioxide(CO2) in water.
  • Carbon dioxide(CO2) involved is produced through calcium carbonate(CaCO3) and the calcium oxide(CaO) left is used in recovering ammonia(NH3).
  • At first, sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO3) is obtained which is then converted to sodium carbonate(Na2CO3) on heating.
  • Finally, washing soda(Na2CO3.10H2O) is produced by the recrystallization of sodium carbonate(Na2CO3).

NaCl(s)Sodiumchloride+NH3(g)Ammonia+CO2(g)Carbondioxide+H2O(l)WaterNaHCO3(s)Sodiumbicarbonate+NH4Cl(aq)Ammoniumchloride

2NaHCO3(s)SodiumbicarbonateΔNa2CO3(s)Sodiumcarbonate+H2O(l)Water+CO2(g)Carbondioxide

Na2CO3(s)Sodiumcarbonate+10H2O(l)WaterNa2CO3.10H2O(aq)Washingsoda

  • Na2CO3 is formed by the combination of a strong base and a weak acid.
  • Hence, Na2CO3 is a basic salt
  • It can remove both temporary and permanent hardness.

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