How many of the following metals is extracted by self reduction process?
$P b, A u, M g, S n, F e, A l, A g, H g, N a, Z n, C u, C a$

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Solution

The reduction in absence of reducing agent is known as self-reduction. Metals that are less electropositive can be obtained by self reduction process. These metals are mercury, copper, and lead.
Copper sulphide reacts with copper oxide to give copper, so here copper metal itself work as reducing agent.
$2 C u_{2} S + 3 O_{2} \to 2 C u_{2} O + 2 S O_{2}$
$2 C u_{2} O + C u_{2} S \to 6 C u + S O_{2}$
Similarly,
$2 H g S + 3 O_{2} \to 2 H g O + 2 S O_{2}$
$2 H g O + H g S \to 3 H g + S O_{2}$
and
$2 P b S + 3 O_{2} \to 2 P b O + 2 S O_{2}$
$2 P b O + P b S \to 3 P b + S O_{2}$

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