How many of the following reactions gives CO as their major product
1. $2 C (s) + limited supply of O_{2} (g) Δ ⟶$
2. $H C O O H (l) c o n . H_{2} S O_{4}, Δ ⟶$
3. $C a C O_{3} (s) \to$
4. $C (s) + O_{2} (g) Δ ⟶$

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Solution

1. Oxidation of carbon in limited supply of oxygen or air yield carbon monoxide. This is called incomplete combustion.
$2 C (s) + limited supply of O_{2} (g) Δ ⟶ 2 C O (g)$

2. Dehydration of formic acid with concentrated $H_{2} S O_{4}$ at 373 K yield CO and water.
$H C O O H (l) c o n . H_{2} S O_{4}, Δ ⟶ C O (g) + H_{2} O (l)$

3. This reaction is an industrial preparation method of CaO. $C O_{2}$ is released during the reaction.
$C a C O_{3} (s) \to C a O (s) + C O_{2} (g)$

4. This reaction is the complete combustion of carbon in presence of excess oxygen. This gives $C O_{2}$ as the major product.
$C (s) + O_{2} (g) Δ ⟶ C O_{2} (g)$
THEORY
Preparation:
1. Direct oxidation of C in a limited supply of oxygen or air
$2 C (s) + O_{2} (g) △ \to 2 C O (g)$
2. By dehydrating formic acid with concentrated $H_{2} S O_{4}$ at 373K
$H C O O H (l) 373 K - ------ \to c o n c . H_{2} S O_{4} C O (g) + H_{2} O (I)$
3. By the passage of steam over hot coke.
$C (s) + H_{2} O (g) 473 - 1273 K \to C W a t e r o r s y n t h e s i s g a s O (g) + H_{2} (g)$
4. If air is used instead of steam, a mixture of CO and $N_{2}$ is produced.
$2 C (s) + O_{2} (g) + 4 N_{2} (g) 1273 K \to 2 C O (g) + 4 N_{2} P r o d u c e r g a s (g)$

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