How many of the following statement(s) are correct?

(A) Hardy Schulz rule is related to coagulation
(B) Brownian motion and Tyndall effect are the characteristics of colloids
(C) In Sol, the liquid is dispersed in a liquid
(D) Lower the gold number more is the protective power of lyophilic sols
(E) All colloidal dispersion give very low osmotic pressure and who very small freezing point depression or boiling point elevation
(F) When negatively charged smoke comes in contact with positively charged clouds rainfall takes place
(G) For a positive sol, flocculation values are in the order: $N a C l > K_{2} S O_{4} > N a_{3} P O > K_{4} [F e (C N)_{6}]$

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Solution

According to the Hardy-Schulze rule, the greater the valency of the active ion or flocculating ion, the greater will be its coagulating power. It depends upon the valency of the active ion is called a flocculating ion, which is the ion carrying a charge opposite the charge of the colloidal particles.

A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture whose particles are not as small as a solution but they are so small that cannot be seen by the naked eye. Brownian motion and the Tyndall effect are the characteristics of colloids.

In Sol, solid is dispersed in a liquid.

The efficiency of any protective colloid is expressed in terms of gold number. the gold number; higher is the protective action of the protective agent. A protective colloid is a colloidal substance that protects other colloids from getting coagulated (precipitated) in the presence of an electrolyte. Smaller is the gold number, higher is the protective action of the protective agent.

All colloidal dispersions give the low value of osmotic pressure, depression in freezing point, and elevation in boiling point.

Heavier negatively charged particles sink to the bottom of the cloud. When the positive and negative charges grow large enough, a giant spark - lightning - occurs between the two charges within the cloud.

According to Hardy-Schulze rule the correct order is:
$N a C l > K_{2} S O_{4} > N a_{3} P O_{4} > K_{4} [F e (C N)_{6}]$

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S_{1}

S_{2}

S_{3}

S_{4}

N a C l > K_{2} S O_{4} > N a_{3} P O_{4} > K_{4} [F e (C N)_{6}]

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10 % N a C l

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[A g I] I^{-}

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What are lyophilic and lyophobic colloids? Which of these sols can be easily coagulated on the addition of small amounts of electrolytes?

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