Question

How to convert chlorobenzene into aniline?

Answer 1

Conversion of Chlorobenzene to Aniline:-

Step 1: Formation of Phenol

Chlorobenzene is reacted with ethanolic Potassium hydroxide$\left(\mathrm{KOH}\right)$ at a temperature of $400°\mathrm{C}$ to produce Phenol:

Step 2: Formation of Benzene

Phenol is reacted with Zinc dust to produce Benzene:

Step 3: Formation of Nitrobenzene

Benzene is reacted with Nitric acid and Sulphuric acid to produce Nitrobenzene:

Step 4: Formation of Aniline

Finally, the Nitrobenzene formed is reacted $\mathrm{Sn}$and Hydrochloric acid which to produce Aniline:

This conversion of Chlorobenzene to Aniline is a 4 step reaction.