Question

How to find higher dipole moment

Answer 1

Dipole moment mainly depends on 3 factors

1. Polarity of molecules
2. Magnitude of charge
3. Distance between molecules.

We know dipole moment= bond length * charge.

So more distance or more magnitude of charge redulre in higher dipole.
Moreover, more electronegativity also results in higher dipole moment.

E.g- HF has higher dipole moment than HCl due to higher electrinegaelectr of Fluorine.

However there are certain cases where all the parameters come into effect and we have to consider most dominating one.
E.g-

CH3Cl has larger dipole moment than CH3F ​​although Fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine,because the carbon-fluorine bond is also much shorter than the carbon-chlorine bond:

139 pm vs 178 pm.