The topmost, thinnest soil layer—typically the top 5–10 inches—is referred to as topsoil.
It is where the majority of the Earth's biological soil activity takes place and has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms.
Several actions need to be made to protect our precious topsoil.
These actions include:
Maintaining an effective perennial plant cover.
Mulching.
Planting winter rye or other cover crops in food gardens. A temporary vegetative cover can be created using annual grasses, small grains, legumes, and other plant species that are grown for this purpose. By being tilled beneath, cover crops frequently serve as "green manure" crops.
Placing wood chips, crushed stone, and other comparable materials in densely populated areas where it is difficult to establish and maintain vegetation using additional erosion control measures, like the use of geo-textiles or other techniques that establish permanent cover, like hydroseeding or sodding.
These methods work well in areas with a lot of traffic and steep hills.