How to write chemical formulas of compounds which has more than two components
How to write chemical formulas of compounds which has more than two components
An ion is an atom with an electric charge (positive or negative).
A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms with an electric charge. (Even though it is a group of atoms it acts like it were a single atom.)
The names of nearly all polyatomic ions end with the letters –ate or –ite. Beware three exceptions: cyanide, hydroxide, and peroxide. These ions end with “ide” which can trick into thinking you have a binary compound when you actually have a ternary compound.
Naming ternary compounds
Follow the naming systems for Type I and Type II binary compounds but…
DON’T CHANGE THE NAME OF THE POLYATOMIC ION.
Examples
Na2SO4 à sodium sulfate
KH2PO4 à potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Fe(NO3)3 à iron (III) nitrate
Mn(OH)2 à manganese (II) hydroxide
Na2SO3 à sodium sulfite
Calcium hydroxide à Ca(OH)2
Sodium phosphate à Na3PO4
Ammonium dichromate à (NH4)2Cr2O7
Cobalt (II) perchlorate à Co(ClO4)2
Copper (II) nitrite à Cu(NO2)2
Naming Polyatomic Ions that Contain Oxygen
There are many atoms that form several different polyatomic ions with oxygen. The naming system for these ions is based on two things: the most common ion in each series and the number of oxygen atoms compared to the most common ion. The ones that concern us most are ions of phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine, and carbon. Memorize these ions!
PO43- = phosphate
SO42- = sulfate
NO3- = nitrate
ClO3- = chlorate
CO32- = carbonate
Naming Polyatomic Ions that Contain Oxygen
One more oxygen that the most common............... per___ate
Most common..................................................... ___ate
One less oxygen that the most common.................. ___ite
Two less oxygens than the most common............... hypo___ite
Examples
PO53- = perphosphate
PO43- = phosphate (most common)
PO33- = phosphite
PO23- = hypophosphite
SO52- = persulfate
SO42- = sulfate (most common)
SO32- = sulfite
SO22- = hyposulfite
An ion is an atom with an electric charge (positive or negative).
A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms with an electric charge. (Even though it is a group of atoms it acts like it were a single atom.)
The names of nearly all polyatomic ions end with the letters –ate or –ite. Beware three exceptions: cyanide, hydroxide, and peroxide. These ions end with “ide” which can trick into thinking you have a binary compound when you actually have a ternary compound.
Naming ternary compounds
Follow the naming systems for Type I and Type II binary compounds but…
DON’T CHANGE THE NAME OF THE POLYATOMIC ION.
Examples
Na2SO4 à sodium sulfate
KH2PO4 à potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Fe(NO3)3 à iron (III) nitrate
Mn(OH)2 à manganese (II) hydroxide
Na2SO3 à sodium sulfite
Calcium hydroxide à Ca(OH)2
Sodium phosphate à Na3PO4
Ammonium dichromate à (NH4)2Cr2O7
Cobalt (II) perchlorate à Co(ClO4)2
Copper (II) nitrite à Cu(NO2)2
Naming Polyatomic Ions that Contain Oxygen
There are many atoms that form several different polyatomic ions with oxygen. The naming system for these ions is based on two things: the most common ion in each series and the number of oxygen atoms compared to the most common ion. The ones that concern us most are ions of phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine, and carbon. Memorize these ions!
PO43- = phosphate
SO42- = sulfate
NO3- = nitrate
ClO3- = chlorate
CO32- = carbonate
Naming Polyatomic Ions that Contain Oxygen
One more oxygen that the most common............... per___ate
Most common..................................................... ___ate
One less oxygen that the most common.................. ___ite
Two less oxygens than the most common............... hypo___ite
Examples
PO53- = perphosphate
PO43- = phosphate (most common)
PO33- = phosphite
PO23- = hypophosphite
SO52- = persulfate
SO42- = sulfate (most common)
SO32- = sulfite
SO22- = hyposulfite
