How was it proved that minerals pass through xylem and not phloem?

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Solution

Stout and Hoagland in 1939 prove that xylem transports minerals by using tracer technique. Analysis of bark which includes phloem as well contains more minerals than wood so they inserted paraffin paper between both xylem and phloem and radioactive potassium is added to the rooting medium and found that the minerals in present at various levels in the area where both are separated. The data shows that the amount is high in bark as xylem absorbs minerals by living cells of bark and there is little translocation through it. So it concluded that the minerals are translocated by xylem and reach to leaves then transfer to other parts.

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Q. The movement of water and minerals in xylem and the movement of phloem sap in phloem is ............... and .................... respectively

Q. Consider the following statements
(a) Xylem transports water and minerals
(b) Gymnosperms lack sieve tubes and companion cells in phloem
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Which of the following statements are correct?

(i) Companion cells are present in phloem.
(ii) Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.
(iii) Vessels of xylem are present in all plants.
(iv) Both xylem parenchyma and phloem parenchyma have nucleus.

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