How will you obtain:
(i) Benzene from phenol.
(ii) Ethylamine from Methyl Alcohol
(iii) Ethylene from ethyl alcohol.

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Solution

(i) Benzene from phenol.
Phenol is reduced to benzene by heating with zinc dust.
$C_{6} H_{5} - O H + Z n (d u s t) Δ - \to C_{6} H_{6} + Z n O$
(ii) Ethylamine from Methyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol is converted to methyl iodide by treatment with P/iodine.
Methyl iodide is converted to acetonitrile by treatment with KCN.
Acetonitrile is reduced to ethyl amine by treatment with Na/ethanol .
$C H_{3} - O H (1) P / I_{2} - ---- \to (2) K C N C H_{3} - C N 4 [H] - ------ \to Na/ethanol C H_{3} - C H_{2} - N H_{2}$
(iii) Ethylene from ethyl alcohol.
Ethyl alcohol is dehydrated by heating in presence of alumina to obtain ethylene.
$C H_{3} - C H_{2} - O H A l_{2} O_{3} - -- \to 623 K H_{2} C = C H_{2} + H_{2} O$

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