Hydrometallurgy is generally used in the case of low grade ores, which cannot be concentrated economically. The powered ore is first treated with an aqueous solution of a suitable chemical whereby the metal is obtained in the form of its soluble salts leaving behind gangue particles (leaching).
CuO+H2SO4→CuSO4+H2O
AgCl+2NaCN→Na[Ag(CN)2]+NaCl
Ag2S+4NaCN⇌2Na[Ag(CN)2]+Na2S