Question

Hypothalamus has an important role in maintaining homeostasis. Analyse this statement and note down four ideas to justify your views.

Answer 1

The hypothalamus is responsible for maintaining the internal balance of the body called homoeostasis. This activity of the hypothalamus is performed by stimulating or inhibiting many of body processes such as-

1) Body temperature- Sweating in heat and shivering in cold.

2) Drive to eat and the expenditure of energy in response to nutritional signals.

3) Fluid balance- ADH signals its target cells in the kidneys to reabsorb more water, thus preventing the loss of excess fluid in the urine. This help restore blood volume and pressure.

4) Blood pressure- When blood pressure increases, the baroreceptors which are sensitive to pressure initiate action potentials. At lower blood pressure the degree of stretch in nerves is lower. When the cardiovascular center present in the medulla oblongata receives this signal it activates a reflex that maintains homeostasis,