General rules for ray diagrams
Always draw a normal line at the point of interaction (reflection or refraction). The normal line should be 90° to the surface / boundary between media.
All angles are measured from the normal line.
Here are some rules for ray diagrams with lenses:
converging lens
1) as object moves toward the focal point:
2) at focal point, no image
3) if object between focal point and lens --
diverging lens
Rules for concave and convex mirrors are similar with some variation