HCF or GCF is basically Highest common factor.
See it like this, there are two numbers, take 12 and 18 for example
For 12, it is completely divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
So, these are its factors.
Similarly, we can write the factors for 18
1 , 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
Now we will see the Common Factors of 12 and 18
that are 1, 2, 3 and 6
So, we have four factors that are in common
In taking HCF we need the highest number from the common factors which is 6.
So, 6 is the HCF of 12 and 18
Just think of it in steps
Factors -> Common Factors -> Greatest or Highest of the common Factor
Hope this Helps in better understanding of HCF