(i) Define the term refractive index of a medium in terms of velocity of light.
(ii) A ray of light moves from rarer medium to a denser medium as shown in diagram. Write down the number of the ray which represents the partially reflected ray.
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Solution
(i) The absolute refractive index of a medium is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum (or air) to the speed of light in that medium i.e., n=cv
Refraction is the measure of the bending of a ray of light when passing from one medium into another. If i is the angle of incidence of a ray in vacuum (angle between the incoming ray and the perpendicular to the surface of a medium, called the normal) and r is the angle of refraction (angle between the ray in the medium and the normal), the refractive index n is defined as the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction;
i.e., n=sinisinr
Refractive index is also equal to the velocity of light c of a given wavelength in empty space divided by its velocity v in a substance, or:
n=cv
(ii) The ray which represents the partially reflected ray is Ray 2. Here the ray (Ray 1) is the incident ray. Ray 3 is the refracted ray and ray 2 is the partially reflected ray.