I have to study for a detailed qustion ihave to write for 2 pages the questions are vaccination infectious and non infectious disease and then malaria
Infectious diseases remain a major health and socioeconomic problem in many low-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. For many years, the three most devastating diseases, HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis (TB) have received most of the world's attention. However, in rural and impoverished urban areas, a number of infectious diseases remain neglected and cause massive suffering. It has been calculated that a group of 13 neglected infectious diseases affects over one billion people, corresponding to a sixth of the world's population. These diseases include infections with different types of worms and parasites, cholera, and sleeping sickness, and can cause significant mortality and severe disabilities in low-income countries. For most of these diseases, vaccines are either not available, poorly effective, or too expensive. Moreover, these neglected diseases often occur in individuals who are also affected by HIV/AIDS, malaria, or TB, making the problem even more serious and indicating that co-infections are the rule rather than the exception in many geographical areas. To address the importance of combating co-infections, scientists from 14 different countries in Africa and Europe met in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on September 9–11, 2007. The message coming from these scientists is that the only possibility for winning the fight against infections in low-income countries is by studying, in the most global way possible, the complex interaction between different infections and conditions of malnourishment. The new scientific and technical tools of the post-genomic era can allow us to reach this goal. However, a concomitant effort in improving education and social conditions will be needed to make the scientific findings effective. Despite many decades of intense research and development effort, there is no commercially available malaria vaccine at the present time. RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine candidate against the most deadly form of human malaria, P. falciparum. More than 20 other vaccine constructs are currently being evaluated in clinical trials or are in advanced preclinical development.
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The malaria vaccine candidate RTS,S/AS01 A Phase 3 trial of RTS,S/ASO1 began in May 2009 and completed enrolment in 2011, with 15 460 children in seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The final results were published in April 2015; details on the target age groups and the trial results can be found in our WHO Q&A.
In July 2015, the European Medicines Agency issued a positive scientific opinion on the vaccine’s risk-benefit balance. In October 2015, two independent WHO advisory groups recommended the pilot implementation of RTS,S/ASO1 in parts of three to five sub-Saharan African countries. WHO has adopted these recommendations and is strongly supportive of the need to proceed with the pilots as the next step for the world’s first malaria vaccine.
RTS,S/AS01 is being assessed as a complementary malaria control tool that could potentially be added to – and not replace – the core package of proven malaria preventive, diagnostic and treatment measures
Despite many decades of intense research and development effort, there is no commercially available malaria vaccine at the present time. RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine candidate against the most deadly form of human malaria, P. falciparum. More than 20 other vaccine constructs are currently being evaluated in clinical trials or are in advanced preclinical development.
A Phase 3 trial of RTS,S/ASO1 began in May 2009 and completed enrolment in 2011, with 15 460 children in seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The final results were published in April 2015; details on the target age groups and the trial results can be found in our WHO Q&A.
In July 2015, the European Medicines Agency issued a positive scientific opinion on the vaccine’s risk-benefit balance. In October 2015, two independent WHO advisory groups recommended the pilot implementation of RTS,S/ASO1 in parts of three to five sub-Saharan African countries. WHO has adopted these recommendations and is strongly supportive of the need to proceed with the pilots as the next step for the world’s first malaria vaccine.
RTS,S/AS01 is being assessed as a complementary malaria control tool that could potentially be added to – and not replace – the core package of proven malaria preventive, diagnostic and treatment measures
