Question

	I		II
(a)	Phytoplankton	(i)	Pioneers of succession
(b)	Lichens	(ii)	Grow in shady place
(c)	Sciophtytes	(iii)	Abandoned farmlands
(d)	Secondary succession	(iv)	Lungs of the world

• A. a - iv , b - i , c - iii , d - ii
• B. a - ii , b - i , c - iv , d - iii
• C. a - iv , b - i , c - ii , d - iii
• D. a - ii , b - iii , c - iv , d - i

Answer 1

The correct option is C a - iv , b - i , c - ii , d - iii

• Phytoplankton is a diverse group of single-celled organisms capable of performing photosynthesis. They are responsible for a significant portion of the oxygen we breathe and hence called lungs of the world.
• Pioneer species are the first species to colonize barren environments or previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems that have been disrupted, such as by fire. The pioneer species are the first stages of ecological succession. Some lichens grow on rocks without soil, so are the pioneer species, and break down the rocks into soil for plants.
  
• The plants which grow best at lower light intensities are called sciophytes. They have developed many adaptations for displaying their foliage to light. They may be twiners, climbers or epiphytes.
  
• Secondary succession is the series of community changes which take place on a previously colonized, but disturbed or damaged habitat. Examples include areas which have been cleared of existing vegetation such as abandoned farmlands.