Question 109 (i)

Observe the following patterns and fill in the blanks to make the statements true:
$- 5 \times 4 = - 20$
$- 5 \times 3 = - 15 = - 20 - (- 5)$
$- 5 \times 2$ =__ = -15 – (-5)
$- 5 \times 1 =$ =
$- 5 \times 0 = 0 =$
$- 5 \times (- 1) = 5 =$
$- 5 \times (- 2) =$ _=___

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Solution

By observing the pattern, we find that I st column is constant, i.e. -5, II nd column is decreasing by 1. III rd column is increasing by 5, IV th column is also increasing by 5 and V th column is constant, i.e. -5. So, accordingly,
I II III IV V
$- 5 \times 4 = - 20 - 5 \times 3 = - 15 = - 20 - (- 5) - 5 \times 2 = - 10 = (- 15) - (- 5) - 5 \times 1 = - 5 = (- 10) - (- 5) - 5 \times 0 = 0 = (- 5) - (- 5) - 5 \times (- 1) = 5 = 0 - (- 5) - 5 \times (- 2) = 10 = 5 - (- 5)$

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