Question

Identify chemical species present in the atmosphere.

• A. Ions
• B. Radicals
• C. Particles
• D. All A , B and C

Answer 1

The correct option is D All A , B and C

Ionosphere:

1. Positive ions such $O_2^{+}$,$O^{+}$,$N^{+}$ etc exist in this region.
2. UV radiations from sun are responsible for production of ionic species.
3. During night time positive species changes to natural species by absorbing ions.

Radicals:

1. Highly reactive free radicals generated by photo-chemical reactions.
2. $C{H}_3\bullet ,S{O}_2\bullet ,ROO\bullet ,N{O}_2\bullet andHCO\bullet$
   
3. Free radicals are responsible for starting chain reactions
4. Free radicals play important role in photochemical smog.

Particulate matter (PM) describes a wide variety of airborne material. PM pollution consists of materials (including dust, smoke, and soot), that are directly emitted into the air or result from the transformation of gaseous pollutants.