Identify the cation in the following case:
(ii) ${NH}_{4} OH$ solution when added to the solution (B) gives a white precipitate that does not dissolve in excess.

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Solution

${Pb}^{2 +}$ with ${NH}_{4} OH$ gives a white precipitate of lead hydroxide $(Pb {(OH)}_{2})$ . When a salt of cation ${Pb}^{2 +}$ , say lead nitrate $(Pb {({NO}_{3})}_{2})$ (say Solution (B)) reacts with an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide solution, then a chalky white precipitate of lead hydroxide is formed along with the ammonium nitrate solution.
The reaction can be represented as:
$Pb {({NO}_{3})}_{2} (aq) + 2 {NH}_{4} OH (aq) \to Pb {(OH)}_{2} ↓ + 2 {NH}_{4} {NO}_{3} (aq)$
This precipitate is insoluble in excess ammonium hydroxide.

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