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Convergent Evolution

Identify the ...

Question

Identify the examples of convergent evolution from the following.
(i) Flippers of penguins and dolpins
(ii) Eyes of octopus and mammals
(iii) Vertebrate brains

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Solution

Convergent evolution occurs when two groups of largely unrelated organisms are exposed to very similar environments and develop similar adaptations to survive. The examples of convergent evolution from the above-given examples are:
(i) Flippers of penguins and dolphins
(ii) Eyes of octopus and mammals

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Q. Read the following three statements (i - iii) and mark the right option.
(i) The thorns in Bougainvillea and tendrils in cucurbits represent divergent evolution.
(ii) The similarity in the eyes of octopus and monkeys is the result of convergent evolution.
(iii) The potato and sweet potato are the examples of homology.

Q. How many of the following develops as a result of divergent evolution i.e. the same structure developed along with different directions due to adaptation to different needs?

(a) Sweet potato and potato
(b) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita
(c) Flippers of penguin and dolphin
(d) Wings of bat and flippers of the whale
(e) Eyes of octopus and mammals
(f) The sting of honey bee and scorpion

Q. How many of these is/are example(s) of homologous structures?
I. Vertebrate hearts
II. Potato and carrot
III. Potato and radish
IV. Vertebrate brains
V. Flippers of penguin and dolphin

Q. Flippers of penguins and dolphins are examples of:

Q. Are flippers of penguin and dolphin homologous or analogous? What type of evolution has brought such a similarity in them?

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