Question

Identify the following substances as paramagnetic, diamagnetic or ferromagnetic
(i) Sodium - Na
(ii) Magnesium ${}_{12}Mg$
(iii) ${}_{20}{Ca}^{2+}$ cation
(iv) ${}_{17}{Cl}^{--}$ anion
(v) Iron ${}_{26}Fe$
(vi) ${}_{27}Co$ atom
(vii) ${}_{28}Ni$ atom

Answer 1

Na = it has one unpaired electron as its electronic configuration is $\left[Ne\right]3s^1$, so it is paramagnetic in nature.

Mg= Mg has all electrons paired so it is diamagnetic in nature.

$C{a}^{2+}$ = after losing 2 electrons it behaves as inert gas so diamagnetic in nature.

$C{l}^{2-}$ anion =after accepting 2 electrons it behaves as alkali metal hence, paramagnetic in nature.

Fe, Co, Ni= these are ferromagnetic in nature as they show permanent magnetism even once they are in a magnetic field.