Identify the gas evolved in the following reactions when: Concentrated hydrochloric acid is made to react with manganese dioxide.

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Solution

In this reaction manganese dioxide acts as an oxidising agent. It oxidises conc. HCl and liberates chlorine gas. Manganese dioxide is a powerful oxidising agent.
$M n O_{2} + 4 H C l \to M n C l_{2} + 2 H_{2} O + C l_{2}$

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