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Standard XII
Biology
The Pineal Gland
Identify the ...
Question

Identify the hormone with its correct matching of source and function.

A
Oxytocin - posterior pituitary, growth and maintenance of mammary glands
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B
Melatonin - pineal gland, regulates the normal rhythm of sleep-wake cycle
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C
FSH - hypothalamus, stimulates growth and development of the ovarian follicles in females
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D
ACTH - thyroid, regulation of the basal metabolic rate
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Solution

The correct option is B Melatonin - pineal gland, regulates the normal rhythm of sleep-wake cycle
The pineal gland is an endocrine gland which is located at the base of the forebrain. It secretes a hormone called melatonin. Melatonin plays a very important role in the regulation of the 24-hour (diurnal) rhythm of our body. It maintains the normal rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle.

Oxytocin is synthesised by the hypothalamus and is released by the posterior pituitary. It acts on the smooth muscles of the uterus and stimulates their contraction.

FSH or follicle stimulating hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the growth and development of the ovarian follicles in females, and regulates spermatogenesis in males.

ACTH or adrenocorticotropic hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary. It stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids.

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Q. Name the following:
(i) Gland secreting growth hormone.
(ii) Growth hormone.
(iii) Hormone regulating metamorphosis.
(iv) Gland secreting insulin.
(v) The largest endocrine gland.
(vi) Gland secreting adrenaline.
(vii) Anterior lobe of pituitary.
(viii) Posterior lobe of pituitary.
(ix) The hormone that controls the basal metabolic rate.
Q. Below are the hormones of pituitary glands with their functions that are mismatched.
a) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
b) Thyroid stimulating hormone
c) Prolactin
d) Follicle stimulating hormone
e) Luteinizing hormone
f) Oxytocin

(i) Controls growth of gonads
(ii) Controls menstrual cycle and ovulation
(iii) Stimulates thyroid gland
(iv) Stimulates milk production
(v) Contracts uterus during parturition
(vi) Stimulates adrenal gland

Match the above correctly and find out the correct option.

Q. Choose the incorrect pairs.
Hormone Source Function
A.Vasopressin Posterior pituitary Increases loss of water through urine
B.Norepinephrine Adrenal medulla Increases heartbeat, rate of respiration and alertness
C.Glucagon Beta-cells of Islets of LangerhansStimulates glycogenolysis
D.Prolactin Anterior pituitary Regulates growth of mammary glands and milk formation in females

Q. Hormone regulating diurnal rhythm/sleep wake cycle is
Q. Name the hormone involved and the gland which produces it for the following activities/functions.
(a) Decreases blood sugar levels
(b) Controls the basal metabolic rate
(c) Controls secretion of gastric juice
(d) Increases rate of heartbeat
(e) Controls retention of sodium ions in kidney
(f) Alters permeability of distal convoluted tubule
(g) Controls male secondary characteristics
(h) Involved in ovulation and maintenance of the corpus luteum
(i) Controls uterine growth and development
(j) Controls growth of the ovarian follicle.
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The Pineal Gland
Standard XII Biology
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