Identify the incorrect statements and correct them.
a) When two elements have equal electronegativities, the electron transfer does not take place from one atom to another.
b) When an element has high ionization energy, it prefers to form the ionic bond.
c) The electrons which are not involved in bonding are called valence electrons.
d) Benzene is a nonpolar solvent.
e) Ionic bonds are rigid and directional.

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Solution

$(b)$ Ionic bond formed only when an atom has less ionization enthalpy. Example: Na, Mg, etc.
$(e)$ Ionic bonds are not directional, The Covalent bond is directional since the covalent bond is formed by the overlap of orbitals.

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(b) Ionic bond formed only when an atom has less ionization enthalpy. Example: Na, Mg, etc.(e) Ionic bonds are not directional, The Covalent bond is directional since the covalent bond is formed by the overlap of orbitals.

$(b)$ Ionic bond formed only when an atom has less ionization enthalpy. Example: Na, Mg, etc.
$(e)$ Ionic bonds are not directional, The Covalent bond is directional since the covalent bond is formed by the overlap of orbitals.