Remainder Theorem operates on the fact that a polynomial is completely divisible once by its factor to obtain a smaller polynomial and a remainder of zero. This provides an easy way to test whether a value a is a root of the polynomial P(x).
For example, given a polynomial P(x), and also given that a is a root of the polynomial, then when P(x) is divided by the factor (x – a), the result should be a smaller polynomial P(x) and a remainder zero.