If a soft stemmed plant is cut horizontally near the base of its stem with a sharp blade on early morning of a humid day, drop of solution ooze through cut stem. This is due to

Guttation

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Bleeding

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Transpiration pull

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Root pressure

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Solution

The correct option is A Root pressure
If we cut a small soft-stemmed plant on a day, when there is plenty of atmospheric moisture, early in the morning we will soon see drops of solution ooze out of the cut stem; this comes out due to the positive root pressure. If we fix a rubber tube to the cut stem as a sleeve we can actually collect and measure the rate of exudation, and also determine the composition of the exudates. Root pressure is a positive pressure that develops in the xylem sap of the root of some plants. It is a manifestation of active water absorption. Root pressure is observed in certain seasons which favour optimum metabolic activity and reduce transpiration. It is more during rainy season in the tropical countries and during spring in temperate habitats. So, the correct answer is 'Root pressure'.

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The stem of a fruit tree X fixed in soil is cut in a slanting way. The upper part of the stem of another fruit tree Y of different variety of same species is also cut in a slanting way. The cut stem of tree Y, without roots but having some leaves, is placed over the rooted cut stem of tree X in such a way that their cut surfaces fit together properly. While joining the two cut stems, care is taken to make sure that the layer Z of one cut stem is in contact with layer Z of the other cut stem. The joint of the cut stem is bound tightly with a piece of cloth and covered properly with polythene. Soon the cut heals and the two stems grow together and become one fruit tree producing leaves, flowers and fruits.
(a) What is the name of this method of producing plants or trees?
(b) What name is given to the cut stem of tree X having roots?
(c) What name is given to the cut stem of tree Y which has no roots but has some leaves?
(d) Name the layer Z.
(e) Why should the layer Z of one cut stem be in contact with the layer Z of the other cut stem?
(f) Name any four fruit trees which are usually bred by this technique.
(g) State any one advantage of producing fruit trees by this technique.

Plants with stem branching near base and hard stems are __

Q. Application Based Questions .
Cut a transverse section of young stem of a plant from your school garden and observe it under the microscope. How would you ascertain whether it is a monocot stem or a dicot stem ? Give reasons.

Q. A scientist cuts the stem of a plant. He finds a thick liquid oozing out from the stem. He sent that liquid to a lab for testing. What do you think the results of the lab would be?

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