There is only one set of three consecutive integers, which can not form a triangle. { 1 unit, 2 units, 3 units}. Else than this, you can form a triangle with any three consecutive integers as lengths of 3 sides.
But how do we know it?
Suppose 3 sides are x, (x+1) and (x+2)
From triangle inequality
x + x+ 1 > x +2⇒ 2x + 1 > x +2⇒ x > 1
So, if any three consecutive intgers as side lengths form a triangle, then the smallest side has to be 2 units.
So, we can't form a traingle with sides 1 unit, 2 units and 3 units, as three consecutive integers.