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Question

If the magnetic dipole moment and susceptibility of an atom of diamagnetic material and paramagnetic materials are denoted by μd, μp and χd, χp respectively, then

A
μd0, μp0, χd<0, χp>0
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B
μd=0, μp0, χd<0, χp>0
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C
μd0, μp=0, χd<0, χp>0
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D
μd=0, μp0, χd<0, χp<0
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Solution

The correct option is B μd=0, μp0, χd<0, χp>0
Diamagnetic materials:
Diamagnetic materials have no net magnetic moment without the presence of an external applied magnetic field (H).


However, as an external magnetic field is applied to a diamagnetic material, the spinning electrons experience a motion, producing electrical current and thus a magnetization (M), which is in the opposite direction to that of the external magnetic field, as schematically shown in the figure.

Therefore, diamagnetic materials have a small negative magnetic susceptibility χd.

Thus, μd=0 and χd<0

Paramagnetic materials:
The paramagnetic materials having unpaired electrons, whose spins do not cancel each other are called paramagnetic.
The magnetic moments of atoms are randomly orientated due to thermal agitation. When a magnetic field is applied, a few aligned magnetic moments produce a low magnetization in the direction of the field applied. So, the susceptibility of paramagnetic material is small and positive.

Thus, μp0 and χp>0

Hence, option (D) is correct.

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