Question

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Presence of lone pair on central atom of a molecule although ignored in the identification of shape of molecule but they distort the shape of a molecule so as to reduce lone pair-bond pair repulsion.

Answer 1

Presence of lone pair on central atom of a molecule although ignored in the identification of shape of molecule but they distort the shape of a molecule so as to reduce lone pair-bond pair repulsion. For example, in ammonia molecule, one lone pair and three bond pairs of electrons are present. $s{p}^3$ hybridization results in pyramidal geometry. Based on hybridization, the predicted bond angle is ${109.5}^0$ but the actual bond angle is ${107}^0$. The decrease in the bond angle is due to repulsion between lone pair and bond pair of electrons which distorts the pyramidal geometry.