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Presence of lone pair on central atom of a molecule although ignored in the identification of shape of molecule but they distort the shape of a molecule so as to reduce lone pair-bond pair repulsion.

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Presence of lone pair on central atom of a molecule although ignored in the identification of shape of molecule but they distort the shape of a molecule so as to reduce lone pair-bond pair repulsion. For example, in ammonia molecule, one lone pair and three bond pairs of electrons are present. sp3 hybridization results in pyramidal geometry. Based on hybridization, the predicted bond angle is 109.50 but the actual bond angle is 1070. The decrease in the bond angle is due to repulsion between lone pair and bond pair of electrons which distorts the pyramidal geometry.

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