In 1920, the Nagpur session of the Congress adopted a resolution for the Non-Cooperation Movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. In this context, briefly explain:
(a) The objectives of this movement.
(b) The reasons for its subsequent withdrawal.
(c) Any two far-reaching effects of this movement.
(a) The objectives of this movement.
(b) The reasons for its subsequent withdrawal.
(c) Any two far-reaching effects of this movement.
a) The Non-Cooperation Movement sought to achieve the following objectives:
(i) To attain self-government within the British Empire if possible and outside if necessary.
(ii) Punishing those guilty of atrocities in Punjab.
(iii) Restoring the old status of the Sultan of Turkey.
b) Suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement:
The tragedy at Chauri Chaura, a village in Gorakhpur district in Uttar Pradesh, occurred on February 5, 1922. A procession of about 3,000 peasants marched to the police station to protest against the police officer who had beaten some volunteers picketing a liquor shop. The police fired at the peasants. This infuriated the demonstrators and they set the nearby police station on fire, killing 22 policemen who were inside the police station. There were a few violent incidents in other parts of the country. Gandhiji, a believer in 'Ahimsa' was greatly shocked at these incidents and he withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement on February 12, 1922.
c) Effects:
(i) The Congress Became a Revolutionary Movement: It transformed the Indian National Congress from a deliberate assembly into an organisation for action. It became the organiser and leader of the masses in their national struggle. Thus, the Congress became a force to reckon with.
(ii) Fostered Hindu- Muslim unity: It fostered Hindu-Muslim unity which could be seen in the merger of the Khilafat issue with this movement. It provided an opportunity to the Congress to bring the urban Muslims into the National Movement by convincing them that the nation was equally concerned with the problems affecting them.
a) The Non-Cooperation Movement sought to achieve the following objectives:
(i) To attain self-government within the British Empire if possible and outside if necessary.
(ii) Punishing those guilty of atrocities in Punjab.
(iii) Restoring the old status of the Sultan of Turkey.
b) Suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement:
The tragedy at Chauri Chaura, a village in Gorakhpur district in Uttar Pradesh, occurred on February 5, 1922. A procession of about 3,000 peasants marched to the police station to protest against the police officer who had beaten some volunteers picketing a liquor shop. The police fired at the peasants. This infuriated the demonstrators and they set the nearby police station on fire, killing 22 policemen who were inside the police station. There were a few violent incidents in other parts of the country. Gandhiji, a believer in 'Ahimsa' was greatly shocked at these incidents and he withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement on February 12, 1922.
c) Effects:
(i) The Congress Became a Revolutionary Movement: It transformed the Indian National Congress from a deliberate assembly into an organisation for action. It became the organiser and leader of the masses in their national struggle. Thus, the Congress became a force to reckon with.
(ii) Fostered Hindu- Muslim unity: It fostered Hindu-Muslim unity which could be seen in the merger of the Khilafat issue with this movement. It provided an opportunity to the Congress to bring the urban Muslims into the National Movement by convincing them that the nation was equally concerned with the problems affecting them.
