Question

In a natural community, which of the following living organisms affects the environment directly or indirectly?

• A. Pioneer organisms
• B. Keystone species
• C. Secondary consumers
• D. Climatic factors
• E. Biotic factors

Answer 1

The correct option is E Biotic factors

Biotic factors constitute all living organisms of a natural community that interact with each other and with abiotic factors. These interactions affect the environment directly or indirectly. Producers and all consumers (primary,secondary and top) together constitute biotic factors while the climatic factors are soil, water, temperature and other physical conditions. The biotic factors present at each trophic level interact with each other and are interdependent on each other. Thus, the correct answer is option E.