It is given in question that height ia controlled by four pairs of genes. When all dominant alleles are present, height is 20 feet while when no dominant or all recessive alleles are present, height is 4 feet. Hence, 20 - 4 = 16 feet height is due to 4 pairs or 8 dominant alleles. Dividing 16 by 8, we get contribution of each dominant allele i.e. 16/8 = 2 feet.