Question

In an individual X, the part labelled P was found to function normally while the part labelled Q was atrophied. In another individualY, both the parts labelled P and Qwere found to be underdeveloped.If adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is administered to these individuals as a remedy, it will be effective in_______.

• A. Individual X alone
• B. Individual y alone
• C. Both individuals X and Y
• D. Neither individual X nor Y

Answer 1

The correct option is D Neither individual X nor Y

Adrenocorticotropic hormone is made in the corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland. It is secreted in several intermittent pulses during the day into the bloodstream and transported around the body. Like cortisol, levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone are generally high in the morning when we wake up and fall throughout the day. This is called a diurnal rhythm. Once adrenocorticotropic hormone reaches the adrenal glands, it binds on to receptors causing the adrenal glands to secrete more cortisol, resulting in higher levels of cortisol in the blood. It also increases production of the chemical compounds that trigger an increase in other hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline.
If pituitary gland (known as master gland) and adrenal glands are removed, the synthesis of lot of important hormones are stopped. When ACTH is administered in the two individuals there will be no effect. As, in the first individual the adrenal gland is atrophied(partial or complete wasting ) no receptor to bind ACTH is present. In the second individual the adrenal gland is under developed, so there is also no cellular receptor present to bind the ACTH.