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Question

In chemistry, if work is done by the system we take it with negative sign and if work is done on the system we take negative sign But in physics, why this is reversed?

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Solution

In physics when work is done by the system, the workdone isconsidered positive because work is done at the cost of the energy stored in the system. So it is considered positive. In thisprocess the system is losing energy.Whereas when work is done on the system, the system is gaining energy from outside to do work. So this workdone is negative. In case of chemistry when some chemical reaction takes place,generally energy is supplied from outside to initiate the reaction and this energy supplied is considered potive as the system is gainingthis energy. This is called endothermic reaction and is taken as positive.But if system is doing work then the system loses energy and the reactionis known as exothermic reaction. This reaction is taken as negative.

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