Question

In each of the questions below, there are three statements followed by four conclusions numbered I, II, III and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.

Statements
Some cruel animals are papers.
No paper is a tree.
All trees are ways.

Conclusions
I. No cruel animal is a tree.
II. Some ways are trees.
III. Some papers are cruel animals.
IV. Some cruel animals are trees.

• A. I and II only
• B. II, III and IV only
• C. Only either I or IV and III
• D. I, II and III only
• E. None of these

Answer 1

The correct option is C Only either I or IV and III

The first premise is particular affirmative (I-type).
The second premise is universal negative (E-type).
The third premise is universal affirmative (A-type).
Some cruel animals are papers.
No paper is a tree.
We know that,
$I+E\Rightarrow O$-type conclusion
Thus, our derived conclusion would be, some cruel animals are not trees.
No paper is a tree.
All trees are ways.
We know that.
$E+A\Rightarrow O_1$-type conclusion
Thus, our derived conclusion would be, some ways are not papers.
Conclusion III is the converse of the first premise.
Conclusions I and IV form a complementary pair. Therefore, either conclusion I or IV follows.