Question

In each of the questions below, there are three statements followed by four conclusions numbered I, II, III and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.

Statements
Some fruits are flowers.
No flower is a boat.
All boats are rivers.

Conclusions
I. Some fruits are rivers.
II. Some rivers are boats.
III. Some rivers are fruits.
IV. Some flowers are fruits.

• A. All of the above
• B. II and IV only
• C. I and III only
• D. II and III only
• E. None of these

Answer 1

The correct option is B II and IV only

The first premise is a particular affirmative (I-type).
The second premise is universal negative (E-type).
The third premise is universal affirmative (A-type)
Some fruits are flowers.
No flower is a boat.
We know that,
$I+E\Rightarrow O$-type conclusion
Thus, our derived conclusion would be, some flowers are not boats.
No flower is a boat.
All boats are rivers.
We know that
$E+A\Rightarrow O_1$-type conclusion
Thus, our derived conclusion would be, some rivers are not flowers.
Conclusion II is the conversion of the third premise.
Conclusion IV is the conversion of the first premise.
Therefore, only conclusions II and IV follow.