The correct option is B P=R
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is a gradual process that involves a sequential change in the composition of species leading to the establishment of a stable community.
Climax community
Climax community is the last stage of ecological succession and does not change further. For example, forest.
P=R
During ecological succession from pioneer to climax stages, the community respiration increases. P represents production and R represents respiration. The P/R ratio remains more than 1 in the seral stages. The huge living biomass of the climax stage respires a lot and the P/R ratio equals 1 (ie,P/R=1). In the early stages, P>R but in the climax stage P=R. It is because during succession, the climax community becomes stable and comes in equilibrium with the environment.