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In hydrarch succession, the scrub stage is observed in between
In hydrarch succession, the scrub stage is observed in between
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Solution
The correct option is C marsh-meadow stage and climax community stage
Ecological succession is a steady, gradual change in the composition and structure of biotic communities of an area.
Based on the nature of the habitat, succession of plants is of two types:
Xerarch succession - It takes place in dry areas and progresses towards mesic conditions.
Hydrarch succession - It takes place in wet areas and progresses towards mesic conditions (medium water conditions).
The sequence of communities in hydrarch succession are as follows:
Phytoplankton stage - Phytoplankton are the pioneer species. The death of these organisms provides organic matter or humus to the bottom layer of soil.
Submerged plant stage - The water becomes shallower, and submerged rooted plants get established leading to accumulation of more organic matter.
Submerged free-floating plant stage - The plants with roots and leaves floating on the surface occupy the area.
The submerged plants die and decay to further contribute to humus formation. In this stage, the water becomes shallower in the periphery of the water body.
Reed-swamp stage - The water continues to get shallower. It is now suitable for the emergence of amphibious plants like reed grasses. They also form humus.
Marsh-meadow stage - As the water surface is covered by vegetation which further binds the soil and the habitat is suitable for the herbs to grow. The water body eventually transforms into a marsh.
Scrub stage - With time the soil becomes suitable for the development of shrubs. The stage in hydrarch succession which is dominated by shrubs is called scrub stage.
Forest stage - This is the climax stage where the soil becomes suitable for development of trees. The forest can be coniferous, deciduous or temperate.
Hence, in hydrarch succession, the scrub stage is observed between marsh-meadow stage and climax community (forest) stage.
Ecological succession is a steady, gradual change in the composition and structure of biotic communities of an area.
Based on the nature of the habitat, succession of plants is of two types:
Xerarch succession - It takes place in dry areas and progresses towards mesic conditions.
Hydrarch succession - It takes place in wet areas and progresses towards mesic conditions (medium water conditions).
The sequence of communities in hydrarch succession are as follows:
Phytoplankton stage - Phytoplankton are the pioneer species. The death of these organisms provides organic matter or humus to the bottom layer of soil.
Submerged plant stage - The water becomes shallower, and submerged rooted plants get established leading to accumulation of more organic matter.
Submerged free-floating plant stage - The plants with roots and leaves floating on the surface occupy the area.
The submerged plants die and decay to further contribute to humus formation. In this stage, the water becomes shallower in the periphery of the water body.
Reed-swamp stage - The water continues to get shallower. It is now suitable for the emergence of amphibious plants like reed grasses. They also form humus.
Marsh-meadow stage - As the water surface is covered by vegetation which further binds the soil and the habitat is suitable for the herbs to grow. The water body eventually transforms into a marsh.
Scrub stage - With time the soil becomes suitable for the development of shrubs. The stage in hydrarch succession which is dominated by shrubs is called scrub stage.
Forest stage - This is the climax stage where the soil becomes suitable for development of trees. The forest can be coniferous, deciduous or temperate.
Hence, in hydrarch succession, the scrub stage is observed between marsh-meadow stage and climax community (forest) stage.
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