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B
Breakdown of macromolecules
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C
Flavoprotein phosphorylation
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D
Oxidation-reduction reactions
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Solution
The correct option is B Oxidation-reduction reactions Protein synthesis is carried out by ribosomes.
Breakdown of macromolecules is carried out by various enzymes in the digestive system.
Flavoprotein is one of the components of electron transport chain present in cristae of mitochondria. Mitochondria are bounded by a double membranous layer. Its inner membrane shows the presence of finger-like projections called as cristae. This folded structure increases the surface area for chemical reactions.
Electron transport system is present in the cristae (inner membrane infoldings of mitochondria). It is made up of cytochromes and co-enzymes which act as carrier molecules and transfer molecules. These molecules accept high energy electrons and pass them to next molecule in the system. At proton-pumping sites, the energy of electrons is used to pump protons into outer compartment of mitochondria. These protons are used by ATP synthase to make energy molecules, i.e., ATPs. This whole reaction is termed as 'oxidation-reduction' reaction. So, the correct answer is option D.