In solvay process the Ca and Mg impurities from brine solution are removed as

Carbonates

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Sulphates

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Bicarbonates

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None of the above

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Solution

The correct option is A Carbonates
When a saturated brine solution is treated with $N H_{3}$ and $C O_{2}$ in ammonia absorber, they form ammonium carbonate which will react with $C a C l_{2}$ and $M g C l_{2}$ chlorides present in the brine solution. These were the major impurities present in the brine solution. On reaction of $M g C l_{2}$ and $C a C l_{2}$ with ammonium carbonates forms respective carbonates which are insoluble.
Then the ammoniated brine is filtered to remove Ca and Mg impurites as insoluble carbonates. C
$C a C l_{2} + (N H_{4})_{2} C O_{3} \to C a C O_{3} + 2 N H_{4} C l$
$M g C l_{2} + (N H_{4})_{2} C O_{3} \to M g C O_{3} + 2 N H_{4} C l$

Theory:
Preparation by solvay’s process:
1. Saturation of brine with $N H_{3}$ and $C O_{2}$ (in ammonia absorber)
$2 N H_{3} + C O_{2} + H_{2} O ⟶ (N H_{4})_{2} C O_{3}$
$C a C l_{2} + (N H_{4})_{2} C O_{3} ⟶ C a C O_{3} + 2 N H_{4} C l$
$M g C l_{2} + (N H_{4})_{2} C O_{3} ⟶ M g C O_{3} + 2 N H_{4} C l$

Ammoniated brine is filtered to remove Ca and Mg impurities as their insoluble carbonates.

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In ___ process, impurities are removed by the addition of flux as slag.

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