Question

In terms of band theory, what is the difference

(i) Between a conductor and an insulator

(ii) Between a conductor and a semiconductor

Answer 1

(i) The valence band of a conductor is partially-filled or it overlaps with a higher energy, unoccupied conduction band.

On the other hand, in the case of an insulator, the valence band is fully- filled and there is a large gap between the valence band and the conduction band.

(ii) In the case of a conductor, the valence band is partially-filled or it overlaps with a higher energy, unoccupied conduction band. So, the electrons can flow easily under an applied electric field.

On the other hand, the valence band of a semiconductor is filled and there is a small gap between the valence band and the next higher conduction band. Therefore, some electrons can jump from the valence band to the conduction band and conduct electricity.